1 thought on “What are the characteristics of sponge?”
Rebecca
Sponge animals are also called porous animals. They are the most primitive and simplest multi -cell animals, named after their body softened. Their appearance is not like animals, and they do not swim. They are lined with rocks, shells, aquatic plants and other objects attached to the water. The shape of the body is in a variety of attitudes, including sheet, block, ball -shaped, fan -shaped, tubular, bottle -shaped, pot -shaped, branches, etc. Because there are many small holes on their bodies, water flows into the body. The body wall has a supportive needle -shaped skeleton, which is composed of two layers of cells inner and outer. Most species live in seawater, and a few live in fresh water. There are about 5,000 species, which can be divided into calcium sponge (such as white -branched sponge, hairy pot), six sponge (such as the old -fashioned sponge), and ordinary sponge (such as bath sponge, needle sponge) and other groups. This pores on the body wall of the porous animal body and the water pores on the top of the central cavity form a ditch system. Through the movement of the cell whip and hair, the external water connects with the food and oxygen into the ditch system. The waste was discharged from the water hole to complete the life activities. Because their body structure and embryonic development are very special, they are generally considered to be a side branch in animal evolution. Except for more than 150 kinds of freshwater sponges, the remaining sponge animals live in the ocean, mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical waters. There are their traces from tide to 7000 meters deep sea. However, the sponge growing within 120 meters of water accounts for about 90%of the total. They are usually colorful, and the shapes are affected by the environment. The size ranges from several millimeters to more than 1 meter. There are often other animals in the central cavity of sponge animals, often forming complex animal communities. Some sponges in the formation of coral reefs play an important role, while some sponges are the enemy's enemy. The reproductive and sexual reproduction of sponge animals. Non -reproductive buds and germinations are divided into buds. The buds are to form a bud body from part of the sponge wall, grow into a new individual with the mother's body, or form a group without leaving the mother body. The formation of the bud ball is gathered in the middle of the gel layer, and some of the original cells with abundant nutrition are gathered. The outsourcing is a spherical spherical ball with a few pyromial membranes and a two -layer or short cylindrical bone needle. After the death of the body, countless bud balls can survive and pass the severe winter or drought. When the conditions are suitable, the cells in the bud ball come out of the bud ball and develop into a new individual. All freshwater sponges and some seafood types can form bud balls. The sponge animals can be sexually reproduced. The sponge is some of the male and female, and some are alcca. Sperm and eggs are developed by the original cells or cells. In the middle of the egg, the sperm does not directly enter the eggs. Instead, after the collar cells swallow the sperm, they lose whip and collar into a deformation worm shape, bringing the sperm into the eggs for fertilization. This is a special form of fertilization. For calcium sponge, the fertilized eggs are cracked, forming a blastocyst, and the small cells of the animal are whipped to the blastocyst cavity. A opening in the middle of the large cell at the other end is formed. Later The side of the small cells with a whip hair is turned to the surface of the blastocyst. In this way, the one end of the animal is a small cell with a whipped, and the one end of the plant is a large cell with a flagella. The pores of the maternal body are flowing out with the water, and then the small cells with a whip hair are intained to form the inner layer. Animal plant has a large cell in the end of the embryo, and the small cells of animals form an outer embryo), so it is called a reversal. The larvae was fixed shortly after swimming, and developed. This obvious reversal phenomenon mainly exists in calcium sponges such as wool pots. The hair pot is a rock or other plants living on the coast. Eat with small creatures and organic particles flowing through the body. Food digested by collar cells or deformation cells. Breathing and excretion can be done directly through the water flow. A sponge with a diameter of 1 cm high can filter 82 liters of seawater a day, enough to maintain their metabolic activities. The hair pot can be sexually reproduced in a sprouting manner, or sexual reproduction is performed through the combination of fine eggs. The fertilized eggs develop into two cysts larvae, swimming through the water outlet, about 24 hours, attached to the bottom of the water to form a sponge. The classification of sponge animals This of about 5,000 sponge animals, half of which are fossils, only one subject in existing species, about 150 species of freshwater, and the others are marine life. From the tide room The deep sea brought to 9000m is distributed. The waters near the estuary are often richer, and they often have their advantageous species. The types of life of many underwater sediment are often attached from a certain angle from the water flow. Sponge animals are rarely prefeted by other animals due to their bone needles and bad smells. Sponge animals have a symbiotic or parasitic relationship with many other animals. For example, in its wide central cavity, it can provide residential places for link animals, limb animals, nematodes, etc., and sponge animals can also be attached to software animals and crustaceans to provide them with Protect. For example, in addition to the shell mouth, some of the versatile crabs are surrounded by silicon leather sponge (Suberites). The inside is full of acupoints. Many types of sponge animals and plane animals such as seafood have symbiotic relationships, that is, sponges provide protection for anemone, anemia carry sponge movement, and it is easy to obtain food from the food debris of anemone. There are also a large number of algae in the freshwater sponge, which can provide some nutrients for sponge animals, so sponge animals often form a complex community with other animals. The existing sponge animals can be divided into three outlines, namely Calcarea, six sponge scoop (), and ordinary sponge sterus (). The compound ditch -type hard sponge, with silicon bone needles and sponge wires to form a mesh. Calcium carbonate is deposited outside to form hard bones. They are independent into hard sponge steruses (). The classification status of sponge animals still has different views. Sponge animals do not have a digestive cavity and mouth, no neural structure, and no differentiation of tissue organs, and cells have considerable primitive and independence, which illustrates its originality. At the same time, the body structure of sponge animals forms a ditch, which has collar cells that other multi -cell animals do not have. Especially in some sponge development, the differentiation of the germinated layer is reversed. According to the traditional point of view One of the independent evolution is a side branch in evolution. Since sponge animals no longer evolve into other multi -cell animals, it is also a blind branch in evolution. Animologist holding this view believes that sponge animals are evolved from the collar caterpillar () in native animals, and the main basis is the similarity of collar cells and collar caterpillars in morphology. The Tuzet put forward different views in 1963. He believes that sponge animals should not be regarded as side branches in evolution, but like other multi -cell animals. Cavity and intestinal animals. Because he observed that collar cells are not limited to sponge animals and whip caterpillars, but also exist in the larvae of epithelial animals. And cells with a single whip hair are common in the sperm of intestinal animals and other posterior animals, and flat cells and deformation cells are also common. Moreover Essence The existing hard sponges and intestinal animals () and thorn coral () are also similar. In addition, the diversity of sponge animals larvae means its multiple origin. These characteristics show that sponge animals are not a side branch, and the body structure of the body is formed by its solid lifestyle. In short, the status of sponge animals in the evolution is the side branches in evolution, or the main branch, and it is still necessary to further study.
Sponge animals are also called porous animals. They are the most primitive and simplest multi -cell animals, named after their body softened. Their appearance is not like animals, and they do not swim. They are lined with rocks, shells, aquatic plants and other objects attached to the water. The shape of the body is in a variety of attitudes, including sheet, block, ball -shaped, fan -shaped, tubular, bottle -shaped, pot -shaped, branches, etc. Because there are many small holes on their bodies, water flows into the body. The body wall has a supportive needle -shaped skeleton, which is composed of two layers of cells inner and outer. Most species live in seawater, and a few live in fresh water. There are about 5,000 species, which can be divided into calcium sponge (such as white -branched sponge, hairy pot), six sponge (such as the old -fashioned sponge), and ordinary sponge (such as bath sponge, needle sponge) and other groups.
This pores on the body wall of the porous animal body and the water pores on the top of the central cavity form a ditch system. Through the movement of the cell whip and hair, the external water connects with the food and oxygen into the ditch system. The waste was discharged from the water hole to complete the life activities. Because their body structure and embryonic development are very special, they are generally considered to be a side branch in animal evolution.
Except for more than 150 kinds of freshwater sponges, the remaining sponge animals live in the ocean, mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical waters. There are their traces from tide to 7000 meters deep sea. However, the sponge growing within 120 meters of water accounts for about 90%of the total. They are usually colorful, and the shapes are affected by the environment. The size ranges from several millimeters to more than 1 meter. There are often other animals in the central cavity of sponge animals, often forming complex animal communities. Some sponges in the formation of coral reefs play an important role, while some sponges are the enemy's enemy.
The reproductive and sexual reproduction of sponge animals. Non -reproductive buds and germinations are divided into buds. The buds are to form a bud body from part of the sponge wall, grow into a new individual with the mother's body, or form a group without leaving the mother body. The formation of the bud ball is gathered in the middle of the gel layer, and some of the original cells with abundant nutrition are gathered. The outsourcing is a spherical spherical ball with a few pyromial membranes and a two -layer or short cylindrical bone needle. After the death of the body, countless bud balls can survive and pass the severe winter or drought. When the conditions are suitable, the cells in the bud ball come out of the bud ball and develop into a new individual. All freshwater sponges and some seafood types can form bud balls.
The sponge animals can be sexually reproduced. The sponge is some of the male and female, and some are alcca. Sperm and eggs are developed by the original cells or cells. In the middle of the egg, the sperm does not directly enter the eggs. Instead, after the collar cells swallow the sperm, they lose whip and collar into a deformation worm shape, bringing the sperm into the eggs for fertilization. This is a special form of fertilization. For calcium sponge, the fertilized eggs are cracked, forming a blastocyst, and the small cells of the animal are whipped to the blastocyst cavity. A opening in the middle of the large cell at the other end is formed. Later The side of the small cells with a whip hair is turned to the surface of the blastocyst. In this way, the one end of the animal is a small cell with a whipped, and the one end of the plant is a large cell with a flagella. The pores of the maternal body are flowing out with the water, and then the small cells with a whip hair are intained to form the inner layer. Animal plant has a large cell in the end of the embryo, and the small cells of animals form an outer embryo), so it is called a reversal. The larvae was fixed shortly after swimming, and developed. This obvious reversal phenomenon mainly exists in calcium sponges such as wool pots. The hair pot is a rock or other plants living on the coast. Eat with small creatures and organic particles flowing through the body. Food digested by collar cells or deformation cells. Breathing and excretion can be done directly through the water flow. A sponge with a diameter of 1 cm high can filter 82 liters of seawater a day, enough to maintain their metabolic activities. The hair pot can be sexually reproduced in a sprouting manner, or sexual reproduction is performed through the combination of fine eggs. The fertilized eggs develop into two cysts larvae, swimming through the water outlet, about 24 hours, attached to the bottom of the water to form a sponge.
The classification of sponge animals
This of about 5,000 sponge animals, half of which are fossils, only one subject in existing species, about 150 species of freshwater, and the others are marine life. From the tide room The deep sea brought to 9000m is distributed. The waters near the estuary are often richer, and they often have their advantageous species. The types of life of many underwater sediment are often attached from a certain angle from the water flow. Sponge animals are rarely prefeted by other animals due to their bone needles and bad smells. Sponge animals have a symbiotic or parasitic relationship with many other animals. For example, in its wide central cavity, it can provide residential places for link animals, limb animals, nematodes, etc., and sponge animals can also be attached to software animals and crustaceans to provide them with Protect. For example, in addition to the shell mouth, some of the versatile crabs are surrounded by silicon leather sponge (Suberites). The inside is full of acupoints. Many types of sponge animals and plane animals such as seafood have symbiotic relationships, that is, sponges provide protection for anemone, anemia carry sponge movement, and it is easy to obtain food from the food debris of anemone. There are also a large number of algae in the freshwater sponge, which can provide some nutrients for sponge animals, so sponge animals often form a complex community with other animals. The existing sponge animals can be divided into three outlines, namely Calcarea, six sponge scoop (), and ordinary sponge sterus ().
The compound ditch -type hard sponge, with silicon bone needles and sponge wires to form a mesh. Calcium carbonate is deposited outside to form hard bones. They are independent into hard sponge steruses ().
The classification status of sponge animals still has different views. Sponge animals do not have a digestive cavity and mouth, no neural structure, and no differentiation of tissue organs, and cells have considerable primitive and independence, which illustrates its originality. At the same time, the body structure of sponge animals forms a ditch, which has collar cells that other multi -cell animals do not have. Especially in some sponge development, the differentiation of the germinated layer is reversed. According to the traditional point of view One of the independent evolution is a side branch in evolution. Since sponge animals no longer evolve into other multi -cell animals, it is also a blind branch in evolution. Animologist holding this view believes that sponge animals are evolved from the collar caterpillar () in native animals, and the main basis is the similarity of collar cells and collar caterpillars in morphology.
The Tuzet put forward different views in 1963. He believes that sponge animals should not be regarded as side branches in evolution, but like other multi -cell animals. Cavity and intestinal animals. Because he observed that collar cells are not limited to sponge animals and whip caterpillars, but also exist in the larvae of epithelial animals. And cells with a single whip hair are common in the sperm of intestinal animals and other posterior animals, and flat cells and deformation cells are also common. Moreover Essence The existing hard sponges and intestinal animals () and thorn coral () are also similar. In addition, the diversity of sponge animals larvae means its multiple origin. These characteristics show that sponge animals are not a side branch, and the body structure of the body is formed by its solid lifestyle. In short, the status of sponge animals in the evolution is the side branches in evolution, or the main branch, and it is still necessary to further study.